The Association between Hypertension and Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent condition worldwide, and its association with mental health conditions, specifically depression and anxiety, has been a topic of increasing interest in the medical community.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to elucidate the relationship between hypertension and the prevalence of depression and anxiety, exploring various factors that might influence this association.

Methodology: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in October 2023, primarily using PubMed. The search focused on studies published in English that investigated the relationship between anxiety, depression, and blood pressure. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the relevance and quality of the studies reviewed.

Results: The review encompassed diverse studies from various geographical locations, with a predominant focus on middle-aged participants. A consistent trend emerged, highlighting a significant proportion of hypertensive patients suffering from depression and/or anxiety. External factors, such as physical activity and dietary habits, were identified as influential in the mental well-being of these individuals. Gender disparities were also observed, with females often presenting higher risks for depression and anxiety among hypertensive patients.

Conclusion: The intertwined nature of hypertension and mental health conditions is evident across different populations and settings. Factors such as regular physical activity and balanced diet can improve mental health in such patients. A holistic approach to patient care, emphasizing both physical and mental well-being, is crucial for optimal health outcomes.