Application of Gerard Genette's "Narrative Discourse" Approach in Ghassan Kanafani's Novel "Men in the Sun" and Mohammad Reza Bayrami's "She Did Not Plant"

Abstract

Narrative is one of the most important literary techniques and a fundamental element in literary theory, whose analysis based on new theories helps us understand literary texts. Many theorists have examined the structure of narrative. Frenchman Gerard Genette is one of the most prominent structuralist theorists, whose theory is considered one of the most complete and effective theories of narratology. The authors aim to use a descriptive analytical approach based on cognitive narrative criticism to analyze the components of time, mood, and tone of Genette's theory in the short story "Application of Gerard Genette's "Discourse of Narrative" in the novel "Men in the Sun" by Ghassan Kanafani and "Lam Yazra" by Mohammad Reza Bayrami, and to assess the storytelling ability of this author and the degree of systematicity of his fictional work. This study shows that Genette's theory is a comprehensive and practical model for studying narrative, and on the other hand, it reveals Kanafani's talent in using narrative elements and techniques appropriate to the theme of this story and presenting a coherent, attractive, and exciting work. The use of temporal techniques, first-person narrator, the use of style, dialogue, beautiful descriptions, etc., proves this claim. Keywords: Genette's narratology, Kanafani, Hand in the Grave.