An Overview on effect of Location of Placenta in Patients with Placenta Accreta Spectrum

Abstract

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) affects approximately 3 in 1000 pregnancies, with even conservative estimates demonstrating a 5-fold increase in incidence over the past 3 decades. PAS occurs when there is damage to the boundary between the endometrium and myometrium allowing placental trophoblast to grow into, or in some cases through, the uterine wall.  It has been implicated in substantial perinatal maternal morbidity due to an increased risk of intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage, frequently requiring massive transfusion of blood products. Hysterectomies are often necessary, contributing to an increased risk of surgical complications and lengthier hospital stays. PAS may also cause a significant emotional toll on women, particularly those who had plans for future childbearing.There is a paucity of data evaluating the effect of placental location on diagnosis, risk factors, and resultant outcomes in cases of placenta accreta spectrum.