An Overview on Invasive Fungal Infection

Abstract

Fungal pathogens such as Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and emerging species including Mucorales and Fusarium account for most cases of invasive fungal disease. These infections predominantly affect patients with hematological malignancies, stem cell and solid organ transplants, HIV/AIDS, or those receiving prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Despite therapeutic advances, IFIs remain life-threatening, with mortality rates ranging from 30% to over 70% depending on the pathogen and host condition. The global burden underscores the need for early risk stratification, better diagnostic modalities, and optimized antifungal stewardship.