An Overview on Medical Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects up to 10–15% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The pathophysiology of PCOS involves a combination of insulin resistance, increased luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, and androgen excess, all of which contribute to ovarian dysfunction and metabolic derangements. Medical treatment of PCOS focuses on managing the diverse clinical manifestations rather than curing the disease, since its exact cause remains unclear. The pharmacologic approach aims to address specific symptoms and underlying hormonal imbalances. Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs) are considered the first-line therapy for women not seeking pregnancy, as they regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and prevent endometrial hyperplasia. Insulin sensitizers, particularly metformin, play a key role in improving insulin resistance, restoring ovulatory cycles, and supporting weight reduction in obese patients.