An Overview on Tympanoplasty

Abstract

Tympanoplasty is a widely performed surgical procedure aimed at repairing tympanic membrane perforations and restoring middle ear function. Persistent perforations may result from chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), trauma, or iatrogenic causes, leading to hearing loss, recurrent infections, and reduced quality of life. The main goals of tympanoplasty are to re-establish the integrity of the tympanic membrane, improve auditory outcomes, and prevent future episodes of otorrhea. Over the past decades, advancements in surgical techniques, graft materials, and visualization methods have significantly improved success rates and reduced postoperative complications.

Growing interest in minimally invasive otologic surgery has introduced endoscopic tympanoplasty as an effective alternative to the traditional microscopic approach. The use of high-definition endoscopes allows enhanced visualization of middle ear structures, including hidden areas that are difficult to access with a microscope. This approach offers similar graft uptake and hearing outcomes while potentially reducing operative time, postoperative pain, and external incision requirements. As surgical options continue to evolve, determining factors that influence healing and hearing improvement remains essential for optimizing patient outcomes.