Helicobacter pylori Infection in Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional disorders during pregnancy and remains a major public health concern worldwide. It is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including fatigue, increased risk of infection, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and impaired fetal neurodevelopment. While increased iron requirements and inadequate dietary intake are well-recognized causes of IDA in pregnancy, impaired iron absorption has gained increasing attention as a contributing factor. Helicobacter pylori infection is a highly prevalent chronic bacterial infection, particularly in developing countries. Several studies have suggested a potential link between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia through mechanisms such as reduced gastric acid secretion, impaired iron absorption, competition for dietary iron, and chronic gastric inflammation leading to occult blood loss. During pregnancy, these effects may be amplified due to the increased iron demands and physiological changes affecting gastrointestinal function. Understanding the role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of IDA during pregnancy is essential for improving diagnostic strategies and optimizing management.