Proenkephalin A119–159 in Acute kidney injury and sepsis
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and severe complication in critically ill patients, particularly in the context of sepsis, and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and urine output are delayed indicators of renal dysfunction and often fail to detect subclinical injury at an early stage. Proenkephalin A 119–159 (PENK, also known as penKid) is a stable endogenous peptide derived from the enkephalin precursor. It reflects real-time glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and has shown strong potential as an early biomarker for AKI in critically ill and septic patients. Early identification of AKI using PENK may allow timely therapeutic interventions, risk stratification, and improved patient outcomes.