Role of Exosomes in Aesthetic Medicine

Abstract

Background: Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin that play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Once regarded as cellular waste products, exosomes are now recognized as key mediators in tissue regeneration, immune modulation, and cellular homeostasis. Their intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and ability to penetrate biological barriers have positioned them as promising cell-free therapeutic tools in aesthetic medicine. Recent advances have highlighted the role of exosomes—particularly those derived from mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells—in skin rejuvenation, wound healing, pigmentation disorders, hair regeneration, and scar remodeling. This review discusses the biological characteristics of exosomes, including their biogenesis, isolation and characterization methods, routes of administration, and clinical applications in aesthetic medicine, while addressing current challenges, safety considerations, and future translational perspectives.