Current Concepts in the Management of Haglund Deformity and Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Haglund syndrome and insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) are common causes of posterior heel pain that significantly affect functional mobility and quality of life. These conditions are characterized by mechanical irritation between the posterosuperior calcaneal prominence, retrocalcaneal bursa, and Achilles tendon insertion. Management strategies range from conservative modalities such as physiotherapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, platelet-rich plasma injection, and shoe modification to various surgical interventions including open calcaneoplasty, endoscopic decompression, tendon augmentation, and osteotomy procedures. Recent advances in minimally invasive surgery and tendon preservation techniques have improved clinical outcomes and reduced postoperative complications.