An Overview on Nanofat in Peripheral Nerve Surgery

Abstract

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries remain a major clinical challenge because of the limited regenerative capacity and incomplete functional recovery after surgical repair. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have demonstrated promising regenerative and neurotrophic effects through differentiation into Schwann-like cells, secretion of growth factors, promotion of angiogenesis, and modulation of the local microenvironment. Nanofat, a mechanically emulsified adipose tissue product rich in ADSCs and regenerative mediators, has recently emerged as a minimally invasive regenerative technique with potential applications in peripheral nerve surgery. Experimental studies have shown that adipose tissue derivatives can enhance axonal regeneration, improve myelination, reduce scar formation, and support functional recovery in various models of nerve injury. However, the role of nanofat in peripheral nerve regeneration remains under investigation, and further experimental validation is needed to clarify its therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action.